多肽修饰:特殊氨基酸
合生生物提供特殊氨基酸,包括N-methyl amino acids(N-甲基氨基酸), unnatural amino acids(非天然氨基酸), acetyl-lysine(乙酰赖氨酸), beta-alanine(β-Ala), aminobenzoic acid(对氨苯甲酸), Amidation(酰胺化), Acetylation(乙酰化作用), Abu, citrulline(瓜氨酸), Acm, dimethyl-Lysine(二甲基赖氨酸), Hydroxy-proline (羟基脯氨酸,Hyp), methyl-Lysine(甲基赖氨酸), mercaptopropionic acid(巯基丙酸), Nitro-Tyrosine(硝基酪氨酸), Norleucine (正亮氨酸,Nle), Pyro-Glutamic acid (焦谷氨酸,Pyr), carbobenzoxyl (苄氧羰基,Z), succinic acid(琥珀酸), sulfurylation(磺酰化)等。
N-甲基氨基酸
N甲基α氨基酸是天然存在抗生素的重要构成元素。众所周知,N甲基氨基酸也是增加药代动力学的有利参数,如膜的通透性、蛋白水解的稳定性和构象的刚性。大多数多肽是很容易被消化酶水解或肠道吸收效果差,因而不适宜口服,用N甲基氨基酸替换不仅增加肽酶的稳定性,而且可提高肠道的通透性。
合生生物的N甲基氨基酸及其它们的N-保护衍生物的制备包括:Na-Boc或 Cbz保护氨基酸直接烷基化;N-苯甲基氨基酸经还原性甲基化作用后氢解或还原N-Fmoc-oxazolidinones(噁唑烷酮)或在三氟乙酸中用三乙基硅烷羟还原甲基衍生物。然而带有反应性侧链的氨基酸可能会较难处理。就每一个氨基酸而言,针对侧链保护应采取不同的策略或方案,以保证成功合成。
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{Cys(Me)}, SMC
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{ADMA},{Arg(Me)2} asymmetrical
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{SDMA},{Arg(Me)2} symmetrical
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{Arg(Me)}
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{Thr(Me)}
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{Ser(Me)}
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{Lys(Me)}
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{Lys(Me2)}
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{Lys(Me3)}
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{L-1-Me-Trp}
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{L-2-Me-Trp}
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{D-2-Me-Trp}
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{Tyr(Me)}
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{Tyr(Et)}
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{D-Tyr(Et)}
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{Orn(Me)3}
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{N-Me-Gly}, Sar
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{N-Me-Ser}
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{N-Me-Tyr}
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{N-Me-Thr}
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{N-Me-Asp}
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{N-Me-Glu}
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{N-Me-Ala}
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{N-Me-Phe}
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{N-Me-Leu}
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{N-Me-Ile}
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{N-Me-Val}
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{N-Me-Met}
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{N-Me-Nle}
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{N-Me-Nva}
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More...
含有特殊氨基酸的多肽可能优势包括::
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通过减少骨干的灵活性,来提高受体的结合和受体选择性
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通过抑制氢键来改善体内半衰期
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增加跨膜通透性或血脑屏障
特殊氨基酸
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{Cys(Cam)}
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{D-Cys(Cam)
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{Cys(Acm)}
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{Cys(tBu)}
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{Cys(StBu)}
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{Cys(Nitosothiols)}
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{Cys(Pyrene-Maleimide)}
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{Gamma-Glu}
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{D-Gamma-Glu}
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{Beta-Asp}
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{D-Beta-Asp}
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{Met(O)}
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{D-Met(O)}
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{Lys(Ac)}
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{Ac-Lys}
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{Lys(Dde)}
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{Gly(allyl)}
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{D-Gly(allyl)}
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{Cpg}, Cyclopentylglycine
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{Tle}
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{Ser(Octanoic acid)}
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{Ser(Lipoic acid)}
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{D-Ser(Octanoic acid)}
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{3-Ala(2-thienyl)-OH}
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{3-Ala(3-thienyl)-OH}
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{Aib}
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{Abu}
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{D-Abu}
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{Hyp}
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{Phg}
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{D-Phg}
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{Nva}
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{D-Nva}
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{Nle}
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{D-Nle}
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{Cit}
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{D-Cit}
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{Orn}
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{D-Orn}
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{Pen}
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{D-Pen}
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{Cha}
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{D-Cha}
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{Chg}
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{D-Chg}
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{Dab}
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{Dap}
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{Pra}
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{D-Pra}
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{Allo-Thr}
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{D-Allo-Thr}
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More...
荧光基团
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Biotin (N terminus)
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DeThioBiotin
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EDBiotin (C terminus)
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Lys(Biotin) (middle)
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Lys(Biotin) (C terminus)
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Lys(LC-Biotin) (middle)
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Lys(LC-Biotin) (C terminus)
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Lys(Biotin) (N terminus)
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Biotin-LC (N terminus)
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Orn(Bio)
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-NH-PEG3-Bio
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FITC (N terminus)
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EDFITC (C terminus)
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Lys(FITC) (middle)
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Lys(FITC) (C terminus)
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Lys(FITC) (N terminus)
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FITC-LC (N terminus)
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5-FAM (N terminus)
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6-FAM (N terminus)
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ED5-FAM (C terminus)
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Lys(5-FAM) (middle)
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Lys(5,6-FAM)
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Lys(5-FAM) (C terminus)
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Lys(5-FAM) (N terminus)
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5-FAM-LC (N terminus)
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Dansyl (N terminus)
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EDDansyl (C terminus)
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Lys(Dansyl) (middle)
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Lys(Dansyl) (C terminus)
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Lys(Dansyl) (N terminus)
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Dansyl-LC (N terminus)
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TAMRA (N terminus)
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5(6)-TAMTA-
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EDTAMRA (C terminus)
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Lys(TAMRA) (middle)
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Lys(TAMRA) (C terminus)
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Lys(TAMRA) (N terminus)
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TAMRA-LC (N terminus)
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Lys(Dnp) (middle)
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D-Lys(Dnp) (middle)
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Dab(Dnp) (middle)
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Dap(Dnp) (middle)
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EDDnp (C terminus)
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MCA (N terminus)
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Lys(MCA) (middle)
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Lys(MCA) (C terminus)
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Lys(MCA) (N terminus)
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3-Indolylacetic acid (N terminus)
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Cys(Npys) (N terminus)
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PyBA- (N terminus), 1-pyrenebutyric acid
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Lys(PyBA)
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Fa- (N terminus), 3-[2-2furyl]acrylic acid
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Rhodamine B- (N terminus)
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Lys(Rhodamine B)
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Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Peak Values